Quiz · Hard
A cumulative AP US History quiz from Spanish colonization to the Reagan era, built around the causes and effects the exam actually asks about.
The Second Great Awakening contributed most directly to:
The spread of reform movements such as abolition and temperance
The decline of evangelical Protestant churches
The adoption of a national established church
The Puritan migration to New England
Revivalism emphasized personal salvation and perfectionism, which fed abolition, temperance, prison and asylum reform. The Puritan migration was in the 1600s and came before even the First Great Awakening.
The encomienda system in the Spanish colonies primarily did which of the following?
Gave Native Americans land titles in exchange for converting to Christianity
Granted Spanish colonists the right to demand labor and tribute from Native Americans in return for 'protection' and religious instruction
Established a fixed racial hierarchy based on the casta paintings
Organized enslaved Africans into plantation work gangs on Caribbean sugar islands
The encomienda gave colonists Native labor and tribute in exchange for nominal protection and Christian instruction. It did not grant land to Native people, and the casta system was a separate social hierarchy.
Which crop traveled from the Americas to Europe as part of the Columbian Exchange and helped fuel European population growth?
Wheat
Sugarcane
Potatoes
Rice
Potatoes (and maize) were native to the Americas and became calorie-dense staples in Europe. Wheat, sugarcane and rice moved the other way, from the Old World to the Americas.
Historians often cite the Mayflower Compact (1620) as significant because it:
Was an early example of colonists agreeing to govern themselves by majority rule
Created the first representative assembly in English America
Guaranteed religious freedom to all Christian denominations
Established peaceful trade relations with the Wampanoag
The Pilgrims agreed to form a 'civil body politic' and obey laws made for the general good, an early precedent for self-government. The first representative assembly was Virginia's House of Burgesses (1619), not the Compact.
'Salutary neglect' describes British policy toward the American colonies:
After 1763, when Parliament stopped taxing the colonies
During the Revolutionary War, when Britain neglected to send reinforcements
Before 1763, when Britain loosely enforced trade laws such as the Navigation Acts
In the 1680s, when James II merged the colonies into the Dominion of New England
For decades before the French and Indian War, Britain largely looked the other way on trade regulations. After 1763 it tightened control and taxed the colonies, which is exactly what ended salutary neglect.
The Proclamation of 1763 angered many colonists because it:
Placed a direct tax on printed materials
Required colonists to house British soldiers
Closed Boston Harbor until destroyed tea was paid for
Forbade settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains
The Proclamation Line tried to prevent conflict with Native nations by barring settlement beyond the Appalachians. The other options describe the Stamp Act, the Quartering Act and the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts.
Shays' Rebellion (1786-1787) is most directly associated with which development?
Growing support for a stronger central government to replace the Articles of Confederation
The passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts
The rise of the Democratic-Republican Party
The decision to locate the national capital on the Potomac
The uprising of indebted Massachusetts farmers showed that the Confederation government could not raise an army or keep order, pushing leaders toward the Constitutional Convention of 1787. The Alien and Sedition Acts came a decade later under Adams.
In Federalist No. 10, James Madison argued that the dangers of faction could best be controlled by:
Banning political parties in the Constitution
Keeping the republic small so citizens know their representatives
A large republic in which many competing factions check one another
Giving each state an equal vote in a single-house Congress
Madison's key claim was that an extended republic makes it hard for any single faction to become a tyrannical majority. The 'small republic' view was the Anti-Federalist position he was rebutting.
Put in order: which of these happened FIRST?
War of 1812
Missouri Compromise
Louisiana Purchase
Indian Removal Act
Louisiana Purchase (1803), War of 1812 (1812-1815), Missouri Compromise (1820), Indian Removal Act (1830).
The Monroe Doctrine (1823) declared that:
The United States would annex Cuba and Puerto Rico
The Western Hemisphere was closed to further European colonization
The United States would intervene to collect debts owed by Latin American nations
The United States would join Britain in an alliance against Spain
Monroe warned Europe against new colonization or intervention in the Americas. Intervening to collect debts is the Roosevelt Corollary (1904), a later expansion of the doctrine.
The Missouri Compromise of 1820:
Let settlers in Kansas and Nebraska vote on slavery
Admitted California as a free state and created a stronger Fugitive Slave Act
Ended the international slave trade
Admitted Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and banned slavery north of 36°30′ in the rest of the Louisiana Territory
It balanced slave and free states and drew the 36°30′ line. Popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska came in 1854, and California's admission was part of the Compromise of 1850.
Why did the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) inflame sectional tensions?
It admitted Kansas as a free state without a vote
It used popular sovereignty, effectively repealing the Missouri Compromise line
It ended the Fugitive Slave Act
It gave Congress sole power to decide slavery in the territories
By letting settlers decide, the act opened land north of 36°30′ to slavery, leading to 'Bleeding Kansas' and the founding of the Republican Party.
In Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), the Supreme Court ruled that:
Enslaved people who reached free states became free
Separate but equal facilities were constitutional
Popular sovereignty was the only legal way to decide slavery in territories
Black Americans were not citizens and Congress could not ban slavery in the territories
Chief Justice Taney's ruling denied Black citizenship and declared the Missouri Compromise's ban unconstitutional. 'Separate but equal' is Plessy v. Ferguson (1896).
The Emancipation Proclamation (1863) declared freedom for enslaved people:
In every state of the Union and the Confederacy
Only in the border states loyal to the Union
Only in areas in rebellion against the United States
Only for those who enlisted in the Union army
It applied to Confederate-held areas as a war measure, leaving slavery in loyal border states untouched. Slavery was abolished nationwide by the 13th Amendment in 1865.
Which event is generally considered the end of Reconstruction?
The Compromise of 1877, which withdrew federal troops from the South
The ratification of the 15th Amendment in 1870
Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial in 1868
The founding of the Freedmen's Bureau in 1865
In exchange for Rutherford B. Hayes taking the presidency, the remaining federal troops left the South, allowing 'Redeemer' governments to roll back Black political rights. The other events happened during Reconstruction.
A Gilded Age steel company buys the iron mines, coal fields and railroads that supply and ship its product. This strategy is called:
Horizontal integration
Laissez-faire
A holding company
Vertical integration
Controlling every stage of production is vertical integration (Carnegie Steel). Horizontal integration means buying competitors at the same stage, as Rockefeller did with oil refineries.
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 is significant because it was:
The first major federal law to bar immigration based on nationality
Repealed within a year after protests from railroad companies
Part of the Gentlemen's Agreement with Japan
The law that created Ellis Island
It suspended Chinese labor immigration and was not repealed until 1943. The Gentlemen's Agreement (1907) concerned Japanese immigration.
Upton Sinclair's The Jungle (1906) led most directly to:
The Sherman Antitrust Act
The Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act
The creation of the Federal Reserve
The 18th Amendment (Prohibition)
Sinclair meant to expose worker exploitation, but readers fixated on contaminated meat, and Congress passed both food-safety laws in 1906. The Sherman Act came in 1890.
Which New Deal program created old-age pensions and unemployment insurance?
Civilian Conservation Corps
Tennessee Valley Authority
Social Security Act
Agricultural Adjustment Act
The Social Security Act (1935) is the New Deal's most lasting safety-net program. The CCC and TVA were work and infrastructure programs; the AAA paid farmers to cut production.
The Truman Doctrine (1947) committed the United States to:
Rebuilding Western Europe through large economic grants
Supporting free peoples resisting communist subversion, starting with Greece and Turkey
Creating the NATO military alliance
Using nuclear weapons only as a last resort
The doctrine announced containment, with aid to Greece and Turkey. The Marshall Plan (1948) was the economic rebuilding program, and NATO was formed in 1949.
Which law banned literacy tests and authorized federal examiners to register voters in the South?
Civil Rights Act of 1964
24th Amendment
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act targeted the tools used to disenfranchise Black voters. The 24th Amendment (1964) banned poll taxes in federal elections, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 focused on segregation and employment discrimination.
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964) mattered because it:
Declared war on North Vietnam
Gave President Johnson broad authority to use military force in Vietnam without a declaration of war
Limited the president's ability to send troops abroad
Ended the draft
Congress never declared war in Vietnam; the resolution was the legal basis for escalation. Limiting presidential war-making was the War Powers Resolution of 1973, a reaction against it.
'Reaganomics' in the 1980s was based mainly on:
Supply-side economics: tax cuts and deregulation to spur investment and growth
Expanding Great Society welfare programs
Wage and price controls to fight inflation
Raising tariffs to protect American manufacturing
Reagan cut income tax rates and pursued deregulation, arguing benefits would reach everyone through growth. Wage and price controls were a Nixon-era policy.
